What is a uniform probability distribution?

Chapter 7 Lecture Questions

1. What is a uniform probability distribution? (+1)

2. What is a normal curve? Why do we have it? (+2)

3. What does the area under the normal curve tell us? (+2)

4. Explain the empirical rule being sure to list all parts. (+3)

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Data was collected by the American Consumer Survey as a part of the Census in the year 2013. The data was discussed in this project is the income of White Women, Black Women and All Males…. (continue with your introduction of the topic- DO NOT COPY MINE). The first(later you will use next) part of this study will look at (Fill in with the test you will be doing). The results of that test can be seen here.

Input the image of the results. Please adjust it to be of appropriate size to be seen and for one graph to not take up an entire page. You can make the images smaller to fit nicely in the paper. *If you have multiple images, shrink them to all fit in a single row.

Discuss your findings: We can see from the graph/table etc… Whatever you have to discuss here from the first test you should. The more specific with the values and data the better.

The next part of this study will look at the (fill in the test). You can then explain why you may run this test, or what kind of things it will show…. The results of that test can be seen here:

Input the image of the test

Make sure it is appropriate size

If you make them individual make them small enough to fit in a line for comparison.

Discuss the findings: Again in paragraph form. Complete sentences, proper grammar, professional sounding research paper.

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Statcrunch Chapter 7

This project requires you to look at income data from 51 different areas (50 states and D.C.). This data has a column for each of the following: White Women, Black Women, All Men. This is actual data comprised from the Census 2013 American Consumer Surveys. The goal is to work with real data, run statistics and draw conclusion on the difference or similarities in income based on race. There are 5 parts to this project that you will work on during 5 different weeks of the course. You will be writing conclusions, differences and similarities between the data sets after each part so in the end you have a complete report that will be submitted. In the end your findings should discuss the discrepancies in income based on race. Each week I will grade your submission and provide feedback on parts you should redo before completing the final project at the end of the semester.

Part 2

Task 1: Open the Income data set in Statcrunch.

Task 2: Create a histogram for each of the three columns (White, Black, and Male). Be sure to select to have the normal curve overlaid on your graph.

Task 3: Make note of the mean and standard deviation from each group as you will use this in the normal calculator. For each of the three datasets you will find the income that represents the 80th Percentile value. This is the value we would expect the top 20% of people to be making above. You can compare these values with each other.

Task 4: Type up your findings. With the histograms please be sure to discuss the overall shape of each of the graphs (normal, skewed, etc) as well as compare the mean and standard deviation between the 3 data sets. Be sure to also note the difference in the values that you calculated in task 3. Make sure all your Statcrunch images are listed and discussed. Upload to blackboard.

***Step by Step directions for Statcrunch are on the following Pages

***Please follow formatting guidance provided in the case study template

Making a Histogram:

Make sure you have opened the Income data set. Click graph Histogram. You can again create each histogram separately or highlight all three variables at one time by holding shift while you click the values. Under Display options from the drop down select Normal. Then click compute. If you have constructed all 3 graphs at once you can use the arrows at the bottom right to switch between the graphs.

The graphs constructed will need to be copied into your write up. To copy a graph please follow these steps. Click Options Copy. A new graph has appeared. You can right click and select copy here. Then when you go to your word document you will hit CTRL+ALT+v then select device independent bitmap. This will paste the graph in the proper format to your word document. Be sure to note the mean and standard deviation as these will be used in the next section. ***Please be sure to shrink the images to fit nicely into your document three graphs side by side in a row.

Using the Normal Calculator:

To open the Normal Calculator, navigate to Stat Calculators Normal. You will repeat the following process three times, once for each dataset. For each data set you will enter the mean and standard deviation from the histograms you created. Then in the far bottom right box .80 to represent the 80th percentile value. Click compute. Be sure to save each of the three screens with the 80th percentile value.

Now you will type your findings for the week. The first part should include the overall shape of each of the histograms as well as comparing or contrasting the mean and standard deviation for each week. Be sure to also note the difference in the 80th percentile values. Are there any inequalities that you are noticing between the income based on your race/gender? Please be sure to review the case study template to make sure your submission is accurate.

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The data is an actual survey census data that was collected during the 2013 census in the United States of America. The data initially indicated the income stream of the people living in various states. The data also indicated the income stream of people according to their subgroups, like white women, black women as well as men. The data was filtered to get few information for white women, black women and men only. I used the filtered data to run descriptive statistical test to get the mean, mode, median, among other parameters for comparison purposes.

Descriptive statistics of the three parameters “white women. Black women, and men” indicated interesting results as shown below:

Here, the total number of men was 51 individual similar to the total number of white women; while black women were 39 in number. The mean earning for men was higher the mean earning for white women with black women earning the least from the census survey data. The census data indicated that the maximum earning for men was 69000, while the minimum earning for men was at 3900, with most men getting earning of around 46000. The minimum earning for white women was 30439 while the maximum earning was 70424, as most women being paid around 3800. Black women earned around 32164 on average, while the maximum earning was 48703 and minimum being 25000. The result indicate that white women are among the top earners, followed by men and black women are the least earners. But, on average, men earns more that both black women and white women.

The data was also processed for boxplots for three parameters “white women. Black women, and men” indicated interesting results as shown below:

The boxplot graph indicates men being at the top earning scheme of the census as seen in the third quartile range in the graph. Then white women follow in the list of top and most earners within the data leaving black women with the least earning. The graph surely reflect how various people earn in terms of gender, and skin tone.

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